Seeing Inside Willys Head in Arthur Millers Death of a...

Seeing Inside Willys Head in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller chose to write, in the contemporary tragedy Death of A Salesman, about the story of an ordinary man driven by his own interpretation of the American dream. What characterizes this play is the way he does this : Miller breaks the boundaries of classical conventions of playwriting by allowing the audience to enter, visually as well as emotionally, Willys mind in order to permit a better comprehension of the latters inevitable tragic fate. Hence, the mingling of past and present in the play, essential in this role, and the way it affects Willys view of the world and life in general, will be analysed. From the†¦show more content†¦As a result, in Willys mind, past and present exist on the same level, he perceives himself both in the present and in the past, showing a certain sense of schizophrenia in his personality. He is led by contradictions, saying for example at one point that his son Biff is a lazy bum and, very shortly later, that theres one thing about Biff - hes not lazy. Overwork, worry and repressed guilt have caused Willys mental collapse and in this state of nervous breakdown, the notion of time is fading away. There is an evolution : the function of memory entails a multiplicity of temporal levels, a series of various locations : Boston, where Willy lives; New York where he goes to find his work boss, Howard; Alaska where his brother Ben has found success; the numerous places where Willy has travelled as a salesmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ultimately, Willys memory causes his loss of any fixed identity. In a sense, the exploded setting of the house, with its transparent walls, its scrims, its curtains, its nearby orchestraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, is a concrete, tangible image of an exploding consciousness, in which spatial and temporal fragments are entwined. This emphasizes the role of the appeasing flute, symbolic of a return to reality, which becomes more and more necessary and urgent, and eventually futile, as the plot unfolds. It is important to note that the past is notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Death of a Salesman2925 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"Death of a Salesman† written by Arthur Miller in 1948 attempts to give the audience an unusual glimpse into the mind of a Willy Loman, a mercurial 60-year-old salesman, who through his endeavor to be â€Å"worth something†, finds himself struggling to endure the competitive capitalist world in which he is engulfed. Arthur Miller uses various theatrical techniques to gradually strip the protagonist down one layer at a time, each layer revealing another truth about his distorted past. By doing this, Miller

The Relevancy of the Prospect Theory Term Paper

Essays on The Relevancy of the Prospect Theory Term Paper The paper "The Relevancy of the Prospect Theory" is a brilliant example of a term paper on marketing. Prospect theory is the critique made on the utility theory to create a descriptive model that is an alternative model in decision making for risk management. This theory was discovered by Kahneman in collaboration with Tversky who discovered that the majority of the people underweight outcomes are simply probable when it comes to comparison with the results received with certainty. The theory also states that people normally discard components that are shared by the entire prospects into consideration (Gonzalez1676–9).However, in prospective theory a certain value is allocated to gains as well as losses instead of the final assets and the probabilities are reinstated by the decision weights. The operating value is stated on deviations at a given reference point which is generally in concave shape for risk aversion or gains and in a convex shape to represent risk-seeking or los ses, the losses are steeper than gains. This means that decision weights are normally below unlike with the corresponding probabilities which are always high as illustrated below;Fig. Hypothetic value operationFig. Weighting functions gain (w+) and losses (w+)The good side of Prospect theoryProspect theory is considered to have challenged the normal alternative approach. This is particularly indicated in the challenge for notion invariance since the description of the option need not affect the results of the choice made. The theory was created by several psychologists such as; Tversky and Kahneman and it is doing the very pretty good duty of clarifying the several situations that the normal utility theory presents the wrong predictions Lattimore Baker (1992, p. 377–400).The bad side of Prospect theoryThe major idea is that the implementation of the information security measures or programs is very hard and in most cases a gamble. Such difficulties twist the decision-making procedures for the business. This causes a negative impact on the information security experts as they are regularly left outside the easy business reason and economic principles.The information security professional challenge involves how the problem of Prospect theory can be managed in an organization. The challenge requires the usual fiscal attention and people being risk loving in discussing the likely impact of security limitations. To a larger extent, compliance with the rules has greatly forced several private sectors to unwillingly invest in some risk management as well as mitigation programs. However, several organizations still need to be convinced yet the prospect theory states that selling the risk aversion idea in the loss-focused situations will definitely not work.The relevancy of the Prospect theoryThe prospect theory illustrates very vital milestone, Kahneman in collaboration with Amos have proved in their several experiments that the everyday reality among decision -makers changes depending on the assumptions maintained by the economists.

The Christmas Season Comes And Goes Each Year, Leaving Behind A Spirit Essay Example For Students

The Christmas Season Comes And Goes Each Year, Leaving Behind A Spirit Essay of joy and happiness amongst loved ones. Even if one is unable to be with family on this special holiday, a close knit friend would suffice. In the Christmas Sketches, Geoffrey Crayon vividly depicts the nature and style of how spending Christmas in the land of his forefathers with an old fellow-traveler sparked an image in his eye of true love. Crayon viewed England at Christmas time as a site of true beauty. Hes taken back by the elegant appearance of the cottages lining the streets. Even the poorest cottage welcomed the festive season with green decorations of bay and holly-the cheerful fire glanced its ray through the lattice, inviting the passengers to raise the latch, and join the gossip knot huddled round the hearth, beguiling the long evening with legendary jokes and oft-told Christmas tales. (p. 164) This sends a warm feeling through the cockles of his heart, bringing out in him the real meaning of this time of year. A typical mid-winters evening in England is made possible through the description given to us by Crayon, the hollow blast of the wintry wind, loved ones gathered round a hearty fire, and the sparkling of the snow as the bright moon in the nighttime sky shines upon it. The laughter of people, the festive decorations, and the sounds of a harp playing Christmas carols in the distance only adds to the excitement of another splendid Christmas season. Crayon reflects on his stage coach journey through the town of Yorkshire. He speaks of the gay reactions of the other people in the stage coach, overhearing conversations of their ever-growing enthusiasm in seeing their own family members, as well as the traditional gathering of the fulfilling Christmas dinner. The three young people whom seem to stick out in his mind are fine, rosy-cheeked school-boys with a cheerfulness about them. All the young boys talked about was how excited they were to be going back home for the holidays, waiting to see their family and pets. The most important of these being a pony named Bantam. Shortly after arriving at a very hospitable-looking English inn, Crayon decided that this was the place where he would spend the evening until morning. Once again he was in awe by the appearance which brought out a feeling of homeliness of the inn, highly polished copper and tin vessels, the Christmas green as it decorated the walls, and the strips of meat as they suspended from the ceiling of the dining area. The housemaids were as he had pictured them, dressed with the utmost trimness, scampering about at a brisk pace under the wandering eye and directions of the landlady. They would always seem to try to sneak in a brief conversation with the travelers of the inn. This old-fashioned style of inn allowed Crayon to meet a long time traveling buddy whom he had not seen in some time, Frank Bracebridge. Bracebridge had invited Crayon to spend Christmas at his fathers country seat located a few miles from the inn. This would prove to be a real experience of true English tradition for Cr ayon. Our road wound through a noble avenue of trees, among the naked branches of which the moon glittered as she(the carriage) rolled through the deep vault of a cloudless sky. The lawn beyond was sheeted with a slight covering of snow, which here and there sparkled as the moonbeams caught a frosty crystal; and at a distance might be seen a thin transparent vapor, stealing up from the low grounds and threatening gradually to shroud the landscape. (p. 174) These two sentences capture Crayons best depiction, by far, of English landscape on this particular Christmas Eve. This picturesque account of the country scenery gives an air of magnificence of the Christmas season. Shortly after arriving at the house of Bracebridges father, Crayon is over-taken by the furniture and appearance of numerous items. Over the heavy projecting fireplace was suspended a picture of a warrior in armor, standing by a white horse, and on the opposite wall hung a helmet, buckler, and lance. (p.177) These types of f eatures indicate a wealthy estate to Crayon, who also admires the deer antlers on which hang peoples personal belongings, the craftsmanship of the furniture, and the plush carpeting overlaying the oaken floor. Crayon writes the about the mere image of how delightful it was to see the old squire of the house sit neatly next to the glowing fire made by the Yule clog. To add a touch of warmth to this picture, Crayon remarks of a lazy dog outstretched alongside of his masters feet, yawning and positioning itself before the heat of the fireplace prior to falling asleep. There is an emanation from the heart in genuine hospitality which cannot be described, but is immediately felt, and puts the stranger at once at his ease. (p. 177)The warmth and kindness is felt by Crayon at this point. I had not been seated many minutes by the comfortable hearth of the worthy old cavalier, before I found myself as much at home as if I had been one of the family. (p. 178) The relaxing and peaceful atmosph ere which is present in the country seat relates to what our class had discussed about key characteristics of country life. Since this house is extremely well-kept, it can be concluded that Bracebridges family values what they own. Accordingly, the outside gate enclosing the property and the neatly trimmed shrubbery add a sense of a high-class family, that which may be prominent of old English life. After a delightful dinner, Crayon was introduced to a long-standing family tradition. The squire himself figured down several couple with a partner, with whom he had affirmed he had danced at every Christmas for nearly half a century. (p. 180) Each member of the family danced with jubilee to the Christmas music. Before long, though, Crayon realized that the night was coming to an end and the dawn of Christmas Day in England was right around the corner. .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c , .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .postImageUrl , .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c , .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c:hover , .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c:visited , .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c:active { border:0!important; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c:active , .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1b46fac04729f922bac4daf8352d85c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cookies vs. Doughnuts EssayCrayon opens up the Christmas Sketch entitled Christmas Day by saying, When I woke the next morning, it seemed as if all the events of the preceding evening had been a dream, and nothing but the identity of the ancient chamber convinced me of their reality. (p. 183) This statement proves that Crayon had not experienced anything of this sort in his entire life. Perhaps, he had believed that he could not have experienced such a festive time with people who made him feel like part of the Bracebridge family. Above all, Crayon looks upon the singing of the three young children outside of his bedroom door as capturing the true spirit of an English Chri stmas. This was followed by a tradition, which Crayon later realized, of family prayer. I afterwards understood that early morning service was read on every Sunday and saints day throughout the year, either by Mr. Bracebridge or by some member of the family. (p.184) In deference, perhaps, to the notions of Mr. Bracebridge, he had made diligent investigations into the festive rites and holiday customs of former times. (p. 188) This comes in reference to the church service and the band of country lads who paraded about the Bracebridges home filling the air with delightful tunes of the Christmas fashion. Finally, Crayon is amazed at the sight and wonder of the Christmas dinner. The table was literally loaded with good cheer, and presented an epitome of country abundance, in this season of overflowing larders. A distinguished post was allotted to ancient sirloin, as mine host termed it; being, as he added, the standard of old English hospitality, and a joint of goodly presence, and full of expectation.' (p. 198) He recognizes the decorations of a pheasant pie full of peacock feathers, in imitation of a beautifully colored tail. This, along with the decorated pigs head which was set as the main course, astonished Crayon in such a way, causing him to see that the event of Christmas dinner in England was, indeed, elaborate. I believe that Crayons views on old English tradition would be quite similar to mine. Although I have not experienced such traditions, let alone been to England, they seem to bring with it joy and closeness among family and close friends. Christmas is a time to be spent with loved ones. Crayon was welcomed with open-arms to spend Christmas with Bracebridges family. The landscape and the way he viewed the interior of the country seat seem to bring about the same image which enters my mind when thinking about old English traditions. Crayon acted as though he entered into this new and strange environment with an open-mind. Not knowing what to expect, he seemed overwhelmed with all of the experiences and traditions which were commonplace to those living in England. By capturing vivid accounts of his travels and the picturesque style in which he described the layout of the land allowed me to comprehend this endeavor which, surely, made a strong impact in his life, one which will never be forgotten.

The Role of Teacher Improvement in Modern Education

Abstract Teachers are arguably the most important professionals in the society today. This is because they are the ones who produce all the other professionals, whether high-ranking or low-ranking. The significance of teachers has never deteriorated since time immemorial. Although formal learning was unheard of hundreds of years ago, teachers were still there and they were respected. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Teacher Improvement in Modern Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hundreds of years later, teachers are still respected but this time for a different reason. This paper aims at discussing a major research topic; teacher improvement. The information contained in this research paper has been widely researched and compiled in a bid to come up with the most accurate information. Major Definitions Educational leadership is a wide subject that encompasses a variety of topics. Of all the topics that fall under this topic, the author of this paper has found it most appropriate to select the topic of teacher improvement, leadership and technology as his final research topic. Teacher improvement is the increase in the skills and efficiency of a teacher from one level to another. Teacher improvement has been the rationale of classifying teachers into various categories ranging from elementary teachers to high school teachers and finally university lecturers. Teacher leadership is another aspect that goes hand in hand with teacher improvement. Every teacher is a leader because he or she is at the helm of a class. Students therefore look up to him or her for guidance. In fact, most students learn the definition of good and bad from their teachers. According to Kennedy (2007), this has been the case particularly with today’s school children who spend more time with their teachers than they do with their families. The author of this paper has personally bee n not only a guider but also a role model to hundreds of students who have passed through his hands. Technology has been the push factor that has necessitated teacher improvement. Technology changes with time. The introduction of technology in the students’ learning curriculum obliges each and every single teacher to be technologically updated. A major trend in the twenty first century has been the computerization of a couple of school operations. Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Teachers no longer have to do everything manually as machines have been introduced to take care of some duties. This saves time that could have been wasted while performing the activities manually. Because of this, teachers have no choice but to keep up with the modern technology. There have been cases of teachers who have had their jobs taken by more tech-savvy people due to their reluctance in keeping up with dynamic changes in technology. Relevance And Importance Of The Topic of Study Having gone through the major definitions above, it is now necessary that the writer explains the relevance of his topic of choice and the personal interests that have contributed to the choice of this topic. The study of teacher improvement as a topic under education leadership is relevant because of the following reasons. First and foremost, teacher improvement in the United States of America is necessary to keep up with the changes and trends in the public education curriculum of the country. Various changes have taken place in the public education curriculum of America over the years. These changes have affected virtually every sector of the curriculum. Because of this, the system of education keeps changing within every few years. Teachers are consequently required to make various adjustments in order to suit in the new system of education (Cyrs, 2010). Failure to do so will make th e teacher wholly irrelevant and therefore unsuitable for the current curriculum. The major changes have been those that have affected the syllabus. While certain topics have been removed from the syllabus, there are others that have been introduced due to a need to match the trends in the society. In this case, the teacher will be forced to go over the newly introduced topics in a bid to get a grasp of the concepts before presenting the same before a class. In doing this, the teacher would have simply improved himself or herself in order to remain relevant to the education system. Teacher improvement is therefore important as it helps teachers to be at par with the changes and adjustments in the education sector. The topic of teacher improvement is also necessary because of the changes in the laws defining the relationship between students or pupils and teachers. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Teacher Improvement in Modern Education sp ecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are laws that clearly indicate the duty, role and control of teachers over students. The laws also state the limits which should not be passed by either the teacher or the students. For instance, punishment of a student in American public schools using canes was allowed when this system of education was first implanted in the 1800s. This was the case until this practice was halted a few years ago. In this incidence, teacher improvement would help the teacher to adjust to the changed laws and regulations. Failure of a teacher to improve in the sense of becoming updated with the current trends in education may in this situation lead to imprisonment after the teacher using a cane to punish a student. The personal interest of the writer in teacher improvement is derived from his thirteen years in the education sector. During the many years that the author has served as a teacher, he has come to a subt le conclusion that a teacher who is updated with the current happenings in the education sector stands a better chance of getting a higher position in a school than one who is not. This is because of the belief that a leader who is familiar with the current trends and changes in the education sector will be in a position to keep any educational institution updated and relevant to the outside education world. The author came to this conclusion after witnessing the promotion of more than half a dozen teachers in schools to senior positions due the fact that they were educationally updated. This is yet another significance of teacher improvement. The author has also developed a personal interest in teacher improvement because it is his personal ambition to always stay relevant to the current happenings in the outside world. An updated teacher has more confidence while in class and also while interacting with other colleagues. The author feels at ease in class because he is in a positi on to answer almost all questions raised by students that are related to current affairs in education. On the other hand, a teacher who has failed to improve himself or herself as far as education trends are concerned will definitely fail to answer any questions raised by students on current education affairs. This is also a sure way to ruin one’s teaching career because the students will then lose confidence in the teacher. They will start having doubts with everything this particular teacher tells them. The end results would be that the grades of these students will go down. Consequently, the teacher may be exposed to the risk of being demoted or even losing his or her job.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benefits Of The Research To Administrators Information from the study of teacher improvement in relation to leadership and technology will be of much significance to administrators, teachers, parents, government agencies among others. However, the group that stand a chance of benefiting most are the administrators. The information from this study will provide the administrators with the qualities and characteristics that they should look for before employing a person. The study will enlighten the administrators on the advantages of having teachers who have improved themselves through getting updated with the current happenings in the education sector. The administrators will benefit here by reshuffling and reconstituting their staff members so as to have only those who are currently updated as far as technology and leadership is concerned. The administrators will also benefit because the results of the study can be adopted can be used personnel selection criteria. They can use the m as a rationale for gauging the suitability of job applicants for the jobs they would have applied (Cornesky, 2008). If they strictly base on the information imparted on them from the study, they will be sure of hiring only people whose knowledge will go a long way in raising the performance of the institutions. The information from the study can be solely relied on to weigh the skills and knowledge of the applicants. The administrators will also benefit the most because the information from the study will outline the desirable characteristics that a good leader should have. These good leadership skills can then be used by administrators in circumstances where they may need to select one person to lead over others. The person with the most qualities that match those outlined in the study information stands a chance of getting the top position. The qualities may include good communication skills, time consciousness, personal discipline and many others. This may also serve as a mot ivation to others who will then work on their personal attributes and character in a bid to acquire the same promotion. Apart from gauging the suitability of others for various positions in the institutions, the information form the study will also provide the administrators with an opportunity to analyze themselves and determine their strengths and weaknesses. There could be a possibility that the administrators rose to the high ranks they currently hold without a proper selection criteria. The information from the study will ensure that each administrator identifies areas where he or she is best-advantaged and others where he or she underperforms. If the administrators take this practice with utmost sincerity, seriousness and commitment, they can design ways of allaying their weaknesses and putting their strengths into better use. Lastly, the study information will enable the administrators to identity qualities that should be taught to the students. Because today’s studen ts are the ones who will be the leaders of tomorrow, the leadership skills and other significant information can be incorporated into their learning system (Christensen, 2007). By doing this, the administrators will help the institution to earn a reputation of one which cares about both the educational and moral development of students. At the end of the day, the credit would go to the administrators who will be heralded for their efficient management and control of the school. Sources Of Information For The Study When carrying out this study, there are a variety of sources of information that can be used by the author. One of the sources of information in this study is the use of previous research materials. These materials can be available in libraries across the country. These literatures will provide the researcher with information about the old systems of education and the education curriculum of America many years ago. The author can also access other information such as the qualifications of teachers who taught students many years ago. Other information that can be found in these old research materials may include the hierarchical structure of the administration of educational institutions during those past years. The author can then turn to recent educational publications for current information. The information may be found in educational magazines, scholarly journals and even general newspapers. These will provide the author with an insight of the current educational systems of America. In the same way, the author will also get an intuition of the administrative forms in the public education sector in America today. After acquiring all this information, the writer will then be in a position to compare and contrast the educational systems of the two ages and appreciate the importance of teacher improvement. A notable fact will be that a major difference exists between the qualifications of teachers, administrative forms and use of technology betwee n the ages. Some of these great changes can be attributed to teacher improvement. The author can also look into the performance records of institutions during the time when no significant improvement had been made in terms of qualification of teachers, use of good leadership skills and application of modern technology in educational institutions. It is obvious that the performance of students during those years was very poor compared to the performance of today’s students. This is most likely because the teachers of those days had less skills compared to those of today (Areola, 2008). In the same way, the exclusion of important topics from the syllabus, such as qualities of good leadership, must have led to low levels of discipline during those days. The low levels of discipline then translated into poor performance in class work. In the same way, inadequate technology must have contributed to the low performances of students many years ago. Technology was scarce and the onl y machine that could be found in an educational institution was a typewriter. The teachers were overburdened with huge amounts of paperwork which they had to do manually. This may have contributed to their loss of morale which then resulted to low performance of their duties. Improvements of teacher capabilities, leadership and technology have therefore had great impacts on the performances of current students in educational institutions. Use Of Surveys And Questionnaires In The Study The study of teacher improvement in relation to leadership and technology will greatly benefit from the use of surveys and questionnaires. In fact, surveys and questionnaires are the most appropriate methods to use in this study. This is because the respondents give answers to the questionnaires as people who have personally gone through the old education system of America (Angelo and Cross, 2009). Therefore, these people are familiar with both the advantages and disadvantages of this education syste m. The most suitable group to survey in this study is that comprising of learned old women and old men. These could be healthy individuals who are in their sixties. It would be prudent to avoid those who are well in their seventies because they are subject to memory failure. They may even end up giving either exaggerated or understated information. The reason for picking on educated old men and women is because these are the people who went through the old American system of education. Their memory is also in good shape enough to recall their activities while in school (Aleamoni, 2007). The fact that they went through the system personally lends credence to everything they have to say about it. The information gathered from them is especially important because it is primary information that cannot be found in other place. The information collected here is more detailed than that found in other research materials and publications. A suitable number of people to survey would be a mi nimum of a hundred. This is because this high number would safeguard against collection of inaccurate or biased information. This will be achieved by comparing and contrasting all the responses to the questionnaires at the end of the survey. Those responses that fail to match or tally with the majority can then be regarded as wrong and discarded. The information collected from the remaining responses will then be accurate and without any flaws. The author will then compare this information about old educational systems and practices with the current trends in education. A sharp contrast will be noticed, which will point to teacher improvement, development of leadership skills and use of technology. Importance Of The Study To The Author The dream career of the author is to be a public school superintendent. This study of teacher improvement in relation to leadership and technology will therefore be of much help to the writer. The study will help him in a number of ways to prepare fo r the career that awaits him ahead. First, the study will lay bare the importance of being updated about the current happenings in education. The author will certainly put this in practice so as to be able to get the position and maintain it effortlessly. Lastly, the author will appreciate the value of developing good leadership skills and keeping up with changes in technology. For such a position as a public school superintendent, the author will obviously need to develop good leadership skills. Because the study will reveal qualities of a good leader, the author will quickly pick up those that he is currently lacking. The author will also make a personal initiative of staying tech-savvy always. The study will also reveal some of the problems and hardships that leaders go through. After getting an idea of the nature of these problems, the author can start putting in place as early as now some of the mechanisms that can help to keep away or find an ultimate solution to these problem s. This early preparation will enable the author to be an outstanding public school superintendent when the time comes. Conclusion In conclusion, teacher improvement in relation to leadership and technology is a topic that is relevant to today’s society. It can be seen from the foregoing that it is necessary for any teacher or leader to stay informed about the current trends in education. It is also evident from the discussion in this paper that technology is significant in today’s computerized world. It is not easy for anybody to land on a well-paying job without a combination of good leadership skills and technological know-how. Reference List Aleamoni, L. M. (2007). Techniques for evaluating and improving instruction: New directions for teaching and learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Angelo, T. A. and Cross, K. P. (2009). Classroom assessment techniques: A handbook for college teachers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Areola, R. A. (2008). Developing a comprehensive faculty evaluation system. Bolton: Anker Publishing. Christensen, C.R. (2007). Teaching and the case method. Boston: McGraw Hill. Cornesky, R. A. (2008). The quality professor. Madison: Magna Publications. Cyrs, T. (2010). Teaching and learning in the college classroom. Needham Heights: Simon Schuster. Kennedy, D. (2007). Academic duty. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. This research paper on The Role of Teacher Improvement in Modern Education was written and submitted by user Nicholas David to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Canadian political culture

Canadian political culture Political culture is the shared opinions, values, and attitudes of people about politics. There are several similarities between the political cultures of Europe and North American countries. Most of the countries in these regions emphasize on constitutional law, regional autonomy, freedom of religion, and personal liberty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian political culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the political ideologies originated from the French civil law, British common law, and the North American aboriginal regime. The Canadian government has set some goals that determine how it functions. These goals include the need to maintain peace, order, and good governance and are generally based on the Canadian political culture. The Canadian politics are encompassed of loyalty, tolerance, and compromise. The changes in the Canadian political atmosphere have been quite slow with a lot of negotiat ions and compromise compared to other nations. The most important political culture of Canada is democracy. Its citizens elect most political leaders. This popular sovereignty is only carried out during elections and when conducting national referenda. There are minimal referenda that have been carried out in Canada since the inception of democracy. The most common ones are the 1898 referendum on prohibition, the 1942 referendum on conscription, and the 1992 referendum on the Charlottetown Accord. Elections are carried out periodically and all the citizens of Canada are treated as equals during elections. Political freedom is exercised in Canada. A person is free to join any political party of interested. Every individual has the freedom to share personal political thoughts, expressions, opinions, beliefs, and conscience. In addition, the freedom of the press is also exercised.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pa per with 15% OFF Learn More Canadian constitution allows individuals to assemble provided that peace is maintained since the freedom of association is guaranteed in the constitution. This demonstrates the democratic nature of Canada. The Canadian politics are based on the majority rule whereby an individual who garners the largest number of votes becomes the political leader. However, the constitution protects the rights of minority groups. Other special groups that are protected by the constitution include the aborigines and women. The Canadian political values are quite different from those of the United States. For instance, the United States’ political culture revolves around liberty, pursuit of life and happiness, while the Canadian political culture focuses on good governance, peace, and order. This has resulted into the continental divide due to the differences in ideologies. The U.S. came into existence because of the revolutions against Britain. This made its political culture to be based on suspicion and individual freedom. Canadians are group-oriented and they believe in collective responsibility. Their origin can be traced back from the original French settlers. They are peaceful people bearing in min that they never formed any rebellion against the British. Other major communities in Canada are refugees from North America who fled during the era of revolution. These differences make Canada to be unique due to its corporatist and collectivist nature. However, the new generation in Canada is not in good terms with the current government. This has resulted into reduced party loyalty, civil rights movements, and low voter turnout during elections. Generally, Canadians are cautious, nonviolent, diffident, dependent, and tolerant society. Most of them observe individualism, egalitarianism, and particularism. The government of Canada is a constitutional monarchy. Besides, the form of government is federal in nature. The systems of law used in Canada are both the common and the civil law. Its ties with Britain are very strong since they share a queen. The queen exercises her powers through the governor who is the overall political leader in Canada.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian political culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Minnie Wright essays

Minnie Wright essays Minnie Wright sat solemnly on her cot with her knees to her chest. She starred intently at the metal bars that surrounded her, in the same way that she had gazed through her kitchen window so many times before. Her mind raced and she could not exactly pin point how she felt. She could not recognize this person that she had become and it made her feel angry and pitiful. She had become a murderer, a cold-blooded murderer. She missed John now, but she didnt. She thought of all the fun times that they had had together, but she knew that was in the past. She remembered when she met him. She was walking to school down the dirt road from her mamas house. A handsome man stopped in a truck and asked her if she needed a ride. Minnie knew from that first interaction that day that she was attracted to the mature John Wright. John saw right through her; he was the answer to all of her problems. He was older. He was going places. Minnie felt like a queen when John asked her to marry him. She was so naive. She thought of the sheriffs wife rummaging through her shabby things, and she felt shameful. Hopefully she would see the polka-dot dresses that Minnie used to wear in high school, when she was in the choir, when she was popular, when older boys like john liked her. Minnie needed her quilt right now; it was like her only friend and comfort. She was used to occupying herself to escape Johns world, but now she needed something to help her escape her own world. It seemed to Minnie that the longer she was married to John, the further away she got from recognizing who she was. Her mother had warned her of this and disliked John. If only her mother knew what John was really like, or at least who he had become. He basically scared Minnie into hibernating in the corner room of the house. She couldnt go many places, and when she did, he had his eye on her. Minnie wished that she had stayed in touch with her fami...

Chinese Men's Gymnastics Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Chinese Men's Gymnastics Team - Essay Example In this category, Chinese Men’s gymnastics team was the main highlight of the event with large cloud cheering for their favorites. Over the past world competitions especially in Olympic Games, the Chinese Men’s gymnastics team has always been a moving force in gymnastics category due to their stunning performances. The team great performance has been greatly influenced by its credible leaders and talented teamwork. From first team heads LI Ning and Li Xiaoshuang to team leader Xiaopeng and his counterpart Yang Wei, Chinese Men’s gymnastics team has produced commendable results scoping top positions and several medals in the events. For instance, in the Los Angles Olympics held in year 1984 the team was the second run-up by taking the silver medal. The team leaders were not happy with the silver medal owing to their dedication to teamwork as well as resources invented for their preparation. However, in the following Olympic Games that were held in Beijing, the Chi nese male Gymnastic team was regarded as the winning team due to their excellence show in the group stages. The team comprised of experienced team leaders as well as new freshmen who offered stunning performance and cooperation. ... This has been evidenced by stunning performance where the team won all the Gold medals in 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010 and 2012 respectively. As Anderson (58), suggest the Chinese Men gymnastics team is recognized as major highlight of any world championship events and hot gold medal favorite due to their strength. Team leadership In the Rotterdam, the Netherlands world championships, the Chinese men gymnastic team comprised of the following gold medal winners: Chen Yibing (ring champion), Teng Haibin (parallel bars vice champion), Yan Mingyong (Rings vice champion), Feng Zhe (parallel bars vice champion) and Zhang Chenglong (horizontal horse champion). Over the past world championships in Gymnastics, the experienced team members mentioned above have remained at the pinnacle of the gold medal team performances, though there are upcoming new members considering the 2012 London Olympics games. In this regard, the gold medal winning team in 2012 event in London team comprises of Feng Zhe, Guo Weiyang, Zou Kai pose, Chen Yibing and Zhang Chenglong respectively. In this list of gold medal winner’s championships, it is evidence that experienced team names remain in the team due to their leadership and team strengths. With the team having a poor position for 2012 London Olympic event, most people did not expect to see the team stunning performance. Many spectators would have wondered how the Chinese men gymnastic team, which was defending Olympic champion and world titleholder for decade, would lose its strengths. The team fans had booked their tickets in advance for the opening game schedule to cheer the squad. According to media release, the fans would be had shouting the name of the new team

Culture contributed to the issues of power, politics, and leadership- Essay

Culture contributed to the issues of power, politics, and leadership- Devil Wears Prada - Essay Example Organizational culture is the set of key values, beliefs and attitudes shared by organizational members. Organizational culture is often created by company founders. (Chuck 2009). Thus, the one person who can formulate, actualize and operationalize an effective organizational culture will have to be an effective leader. The leader through many traits like power will implement or impose that culture. With the culture having been implemented, it will give rise to different responses from the employees bordering on both positive side as well as negative side. Negative side in the sense, there will be some negative office politics because of the imposition of the culture. This paper by focusing, â€Å"The Devil Wears Prada† will demonstrate how the organizational culture based issues of leadership, power and politics were portrayed in the film. As leaders are the men/women in lead, they usually have a major impact on how the group initially defines and sets into an organization. Typically, the leaders have strong assumptions about the nature of the world, the role that organizations play in that world, the characteristics that make up human nature and relationships, how truth is arrived at, and how to manage time and space. They will, therefore, be quite comfortable in imposing those views and personal cultures, on their partners and employees as the organization copes with challenges and targets. This initial stage imposition of founder’s assumptions, as a form of good culture is one of the good leadership traits, because as the workers’ mind will be fresh in their new organizational setup, they will be motivated to adopt that new culture. Motivation is the set of forces that initiates, directs and makes people persist in their efforts over time to accomplish a goal. (Williams 2009). This new culture will co nsist of many

Cultural framework Essay Example for Free

Cultural framework Essay Aside from individual perceptions and resources available to the individual and the community, interventions aimed at reducing and mitigating the spread of HIV infections must take into account the existence of social support systems in the community and society where individuals are located. For one, the availability of support either from friends, family, or community community influences an individual’s decision to adopt or change his or her lifestyle to mirror the objectives of health promotion programs. At the same time, the behaviors and lifestyles of an individual’s friends, family, or community itself may be promoting values and norms that contribute to HIV risk factors. The experiences of the HIV Prevention Planning Council of the San Francisco Health Department (2004) point to the presence of three negative influences that prevent HIV- affected individuals from seeking counselling and treatment and at the same time facilitate the continued transmission of the disease to the general populace. The first among these factors is the prevalence of drug use (p. 14), which promotes both the acceptability of substance abuse as a form of recreation and risky sexual behavior. These values are particularly dominant among San Francisco’s gay communities, whose population unsurprisingly have the biggest number of HIV infections. A second factor is San Francisco’s liberal culture (p. 13), which means that society may be more permissive of and may condone risky sexual behavior that would be deemed unacceptable in other places. The growing acceptability of risky sexual behavior and the decreasing popularity of condom use becomes a motivation for individuals to engage in activities that expose them to possible HIV infection. Moreover, the liberal culture within San Francisco’s communities may be reinforcing the acceptability of drug use, especially among poorer neighborhoods. Zierler and Krieger (1997, p. 405) note that poor communities may find substance abuse appealing, or at least find it inoffensive, since it serves both as a source of livelihood and as a source of recreation and stimulation. On the other hand, the ironic existence of racist and discriminatory attitudes within liberal San Francisco (San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 8) may discourage people of color, gay, and male-to-female transgendered individuals from seeking help when they become infected by HIV due to the fear that they will be doubly stigmatized by carrying the disease. Although San Francisco’s liberal values and attitudes may have negative effects on efforts to curb the HIV epidemic, these same values also provide a positive influence in combatting HIV. For one, San Francisco’s â€Å"progressive thinking and liberal policies† (San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 13) also enables individuals infected with HIV to easily gain the support of their friends, families, and communities, which could provide enough encouragement for them to adopt healthier lifestyles. San Francisco’s openness and diversity also allow individuals to create and live their own lifestyles with minimal pressure to conform to dominant beliefs and values which could help individuals avoid popular but negative influences on lifestyle choices. Likewise, the liberal culture within many communities enables individuals to seek support from peers such as the gay community when one’s own family displays reluctance to provide support to the individual affected by HIV. Clearly, HIV intervention programs could utilize the existence of positive social support structures in a society in order to successfully combat HIV. At the same time, these programs must be able to address and mitigate the negative influence of an individual’s social support network, including the values and attitudes of friends or family members which discourage an individual from changing his or her lifestyle to reduce HIV risk and exposure. Works Cited: San Francisco Department of Public Health. (2004). 2004 San Francisco HIV prevention plan. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from http://sfhiv. org/documents/Complete2004SanFranciscoHIVPreventionPlan. pdf Zierler, S. Krieger, (1997). Reframing women’s risk: social inequalities and HIV infection. Annual Review of Public Health 18:401–36.

Single Parents on Television Essay -- Televison Media TV Essays

Single Parents on Television When we think about television families, it is usually the happy nuclear families with a Mom, Dad, and a couple children. What if that family is not a full family and there is a parental figure missing? Would missing a parent really affect the way a child is raised? The realization of single parent families in everyday households is becoming more and more a reality in the United States, and television shows are relating to this fact. The new trend in television is to have a single Mom or Dad facing the odds of single parenthood, while raising two-to-three kids, working at a full-time job, and still taking care of the household. The Parents Television Council reviewed every original series airing during prime time (8:00-11:00 p.m.) on the broadcast networks during the 2001-2002 television season. The analysis encompassed 119 shows depicting 150 children. Key findings include: 47% live in a traditional family with their married biological parents, 14% are raised by single fathers, and 90% of TV single fathers are widowers. Of the 97 televis...

English Proverb Example

English proverbs 1. When the going gets tough, the tough get going. † Strong people don't give up when they come across challenges. They just work harder. 2. â€Å"No man is an island. † You can't live completely independently. Everyone needs help from other people. 3. â€Å"Fortune favors the bold. † People who bravely go after what they want are more successful than people who try to live safely. 4. â€Å"People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. † Don't criticize other people if you're not perfect yourself. 5. â€Å"Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. †This seems pretty clear 6. â€Å"Better late than never. † This one's clear, too. 7. â€Å"There's no place like home. † Your own home is the most comfortable place to be. 8. â€Å"Discretion is the greater part of valor. † Sometimes it's important to know when to give up and run away, instead of always acting brave and maybe getting hurt. 9. â€Å"The early bird catches the worm. † You should wake up and start work early if you want to succeed. 10. â€Å"Never look a gift horse in the mouth. † If someone offers you a gift, don't question it. 11. â€Å"You can't make an omelet without breaking a few eggs. When you try to do something great, you'll probably make a few people annoyed or angry. Don't worry about those people; just focus on the good results. 12. â€Å"God helps those who help themselves. † Don't just wait for good things to happen to you. Work hard to achieve your goals. 13. â€Å"One man's trash is another man's treasure. † Different people have different ideas about what's valuable. 14. â€Å"There's no time like the present. † If you need to do something, don't wait until later. Do it now. 15. â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.Different people have different ideas about what's beautiful. 16. â€Å"Necessity is the mother of invention. † When you're really in need, you think of creative solutions to your problems. 17. â€Å"A penny saved is a penny earned. † Save your money. 18. â€Å"Familiarity breeds contempt. † When you're around someone for too long, you get tired of them and annoyed by them. 19. â€Å"You can't judge a book by its cover. † Things sometimes look different than they really are. A restaurant that looks old and small might have amazing food, for example. 20. â€Å"Good things come to those who wait. † Be patient.

My Heroes Essay

â€Å"My Heroes† was written by Elizabeth Berg, who has published many popular books since 1993. In the article, Berg told us that real heroes were ordinary people around us. Because Berg’s daughter chose her friend as a hero who saved her from drowning in a creek, Berg realized a hero wouldn’t have to be a famous person. When Mrs. Zinz, an eighth-grade English teacher, was harassed by Berg and her friend, she wasn’t angry. Mrs. Zinz didn’t lower herself and become mean. Another hero in Berg’s mind was her grandfather who was kind, warm and friendly. He liked to make his grandchild laugh. Sylvia, Berg’s mother-in-law, could enjoy her retirement life but instead, she went back to school to get a college diploma. Berg admired her because of her love of learning. Moreover, there were the people that Berg admired because of their jobs, such as mail carriers, nurses, stay-at-home mothers, and working mothers. Many people are around us every day, but you may not realize that they are heroes. However, Berg believes that if you look at them in a different way, you would know that they are heroes. After I read Berg’s essay, I think she was right. Heroes are not only the greatest people in history but also the ordinary people in our lives. They teach us small lessons and touch us in a quiet way. My heroes are people who inspire confidence in me since I was a child, who are brave enough to fight for things which are unfair and unconscionable, and who help and protect the weak groups in our community. My mother is one of my heroes, who always tells me I must be a self-confident person. Worrying about unknown things, fearing failures, and having a negative attitude were part of my character when I was a child. One day, my mother took me to the ice-skating center. She wanted me to build up my confidence during the process of learning ice-skating. When we were ready to skate, she said, â€Å"I won’t hold your hand. You should learn it by yourself. † At that moment, I thought my mother was a devil. I buttressed the handrail and moved slowly. I looked like a baby who was learning to walk. After I got used to it, I took off my hand from the handrail. Within a minute, I slid on the ice, lost my balance, and fell down. I asked for help by informing my mother with eye contact. â€Å"Get up! I know you can do it,† she encouraged me with supportive words. Finally, I got up but fell down again a few minutes later. I cried and yelled madly, â€Å"I don’t want to skate anymore. It’s so painful. I want to leave! † â€Å"Don’t give up, my sweetheart. Take out your confidence. After you learn it by yourself, you will realize all the pain that you overcome is worth it. † My mother said it tenderly. I saw a devil that became an angel. These words have been engraved in my heart deeply. I should not have doubted and looked down on my ability. After countless failures, I could fly on the ice. The happiness of success was the best feeling that I have ever had. My mother let me understand learning from failure was a way to build up confidence. My aunt, Jodie Li, who is a normal housewife in China, is also a hero of mine. I admire her because she is brave enough to fight for any unfair and unconscionable acts. When Jodie was on the bus, she saw a man who was taking advantage of a teenage girl who was too afraid to yell. Jodie stopped and grabbed the pervert, pulled the girls to hide behind her, and called the police. She did not think too much. At that time, she just wanted the pervert to get caught. If I were her, I wouldn’t have had enough courage to rescue the girl. In addition, Jodie fought with a company because they charged her extra money on her bill. The company didn’t notify Jodie that they had charged her many unknown fees. Jodie was furious. She kept investigating the reason. Finally, the company made a compromise and apologized to her. Besides that, Jodie found out that someone cheated while she was taking the paper driving test. She thought it was really unfair because she studied hard on the test. She told the examiner immediately. Sometimes, we would overlook something since it’s not related to us. However, Jodie couldn’t pretend that didn’t happen. Her attitude affected me. I cannot stay quiet when some unfair and unconscionable things happen to me. I have to fight for myself. Beyond that, there are people who are my heroes because they help and protect the weak groups in our community. Social workers work with people who are homeless, sick or have family problems and try their best to help people overcome problems and make people lives better. Police officers who have responsibility of protecting the residents risk their lives to arrest criminals. Ambulance staff who stand-by, rushes to the scene of the ccident, and rescues many people. Volunteers with animals who defend the animals selflessly look after the stray dogs or cats as pets. Heroes are everywhere. It depends on how you look at them. Have you ever thought about who were your heroes around you? Berg figured out her heroes, and so did I. My heroes are people who give confidence to me since I was a child, who are courageous enough to fight against unfair and unconscionable actions, and who help and shield the weak groups in our community. These people inspired me in a different way, in a different city, and in a different moment.

The eNotes Blog Confessions of a BookAbandoner

Confessions of a BookAbandoner A positively shameful confession from college student and intern, Yael I need to confess something, guys. I’m a book-starter. That kind of sounds like a positive thing, but it’s not. Allow me to rephrase. I’m a book-abandoner†¦ a book-deserter. I just can’t kick the habit. In the past two years, I’ve probably started and stopped reading about 20 books. With each, as goes the one before it, I make it through about a quarter of the novel. Then I bookmark it and put it on my nightstand like I’m totally going to tackle it â€Å"one of these days,† but I know, deep down in my book-neglecting heart, that my lame attempts to try and pick it back up weeks later will result in one page being read, over and over, until I realize I’m hungry. Then, you know, it’s game over. Book goes back on the nightstand. Collects dust. Poor book. (Sometimes-and I put this in parentheses because it’s just so shameful-I even do this to used books†¦books who have already gone through so much. Who does that? It’s like†¦where’s my heart? I don’t know. I just don’t know.) Theoretically, I love books. I love the idea of books, the feel of books. I’m one of those people (or maybe the only person) who walks down the hallways at Barnes Noble just, you know, lightly grazing book bindings with my finger tips, flipping through random pages and thinking about all the possibilities that lie within them. I even love smelling books. Don’t you furrow your brows at me†¦there’s no denying it: books smell like hundreds of years of life and also like warm, cozy memories and those are the best smells that were ever invented. But†¦seriously? I haven’t been able to read past chapter 3 in any book since high school when reading fictional novels was required and life was a little more chipper. Harry Potter, where you at? (Obviously†¦on my book shelf in order from 1-7 and properly covered with their respective book sleeves, but that’s beside the point†¦ The real point is, I’m fed up. I’m done. I’m ready to change. TODAY IS THE DAY I START MY JOURNEY TO BECOME A WELL-READ, BOOK-COMPLETER. I will be a book-MASTER. (You go, girl ↠Ã‚  yes, that was self encouragement, and it makes talking to yourself acceptable) If you’re like me, this transformation I’ve just gone through might spark something in you. Maybe you’ll feel motivated to kick that nasty habit, stop pretending you don’t know how to â€Å"read for pleasure† anymore because textbooks burned you out, and get your act together. Seriously†¦just get it together. Because, if you’re like me, you may soon be an unemployed, recent graduate, looking for ways to kill time in between all that job-hunting and stress eating. Books, friends. Books. We can spend time getting caught up in other peoples’ more exciting lives, actually gain a little knowledge, and maybe even get our hands on a little bit of peace of mind and calm. Now that you’re ready to become a librarian and the world’s most influential leader in literary criticism, let’s discuss book choice. It doesn’t really matter. Any kind of reading is the good kind. Personally, I want to tackle the classics. Why? I’m not sure. Maybe because everyone’s read them and I just want to be one of the cool kids. But that’s only about 80% of it. I also think that the â€Å"classic† novels are classic for a reason, and not just because they’re old and wise. In general, I feel like it would be beneficial to read the works of writers who laid the backbone and set the pace for the next great writers. They’re the OGs, you know? You have to learn from the masters and then their students. Now if you hate Jane Austen and Dostoyevsky and are about to say to me sternly â€Å"Yael, don’t you dare put that Hemingway anywhere near me,† be soothed: there are millions of books left out there to read. All kinds and all sizes, from all different kinds of countries and different kinds of people. You have a world of novels to choose from. So choose randomly, haphazardly, and without much forethought. Scratch that, without any forethought. And do it often. (A good analogy is to act like you would if you were at a grocery store in the ice cream aisle, and that for today only, all the ice cream had 0 calories and 0 grams of fat. I mean†¦just go to town. Take all of it. All. Of. It. Even the weird flavors.) Books are one of those world wonders that will enrich your life in so many ways you can’t even begin to realize. The lessons you learn, the relationships you make, the inspiration you’ll take, and the enjoyment you’ll get from reading a book is something you really can’t get elsewhere. So go to your nearest library or book store, grab some books, smell them (seriously, just try it) and read them. Finish them. Even if you don’t like them very much, you’ll get something out of it. That’s what I’m going to do at least, and honestly if I can do it†¦I really think anyone can. Oh, and also if anyone wants to start a book club, I’m interested. I’ll bring the snacks. Sincerely, Your-Book’s-New-BFFAEAE (that’s best friend forever and ever and ever) (Featured image via Unsplash)

History of Kitchen Appliance Inventions

History of Kitchen Appliance Inventions By definition, the kitchen is a room used for food preparation that is typically equipped with a stove, a sink for cleaning food and dish-washing, and cabinets and refrigerators for storing food and equipment. Kitchens have been around for centuries, however, it was not until post-civil war period that the majority of kitchen appliances were invented. The reason was that most people no longer had servants and housewives working alone in the kitchen needed culinary help. The advent of ​electricity greatly advanced the technology of labor-saving kitchen appliances. History of Large Kitchen Appliances Dishwasher:  In 1850, Joel Houghton patented a wooden machine with a hand-turned wheel that splashed water on dishes, it was hardly a workable machine, but it was the first patent.Garbage Disposer:  Architect, inventor John W. Hammes built his wife the worlds first kitchen garbage disposer in 1927. After 10  years of design improvement, Hammes went into business selling his appliance to the public. His company was called the In-Sink-Erator Manufacturing Company.Ovens or Stoves:  The first historical record of a stove refers to a device built in 1490 in Alsace, France.Microwave Ovens: The microwave oven was invented by Percy L. Spencer.Refrigerator: Before mechanical refrigeration systems were introduced, people cooled their food with ice and snow, either found locally or brought down from the mountains. History of Small Kitchen Appliances Apple Parer: On February 14, 1803, the apple parer was patented by Moses Coates.Blender:  In 1922, Stephen Poplawski invented the blender.Cheese-Slicer:  The cheese-slicer is a Norwegian invention.Corkscrews:  Corkscrew inventors were inspired by a tool called the bulletscrew or gun worm, a device that extracted stuck bullets from rifles.Cuisinart  Food Processor:  Carl Sontheimer invented the Cuisinart food processor.Green Garbage Bags:  The familiar green plastic garbage bag (made from polyethylene) was invented by Harry Wasylyk in 1950.Electric Kettle:  Arthur Leslie Large invented the electric kettle in 1922. General Electric introduced the electric kettle with an automatic cut-out in 1930.Weber Kettle Grill:  George Stephen invented the original Weber Kettle Grill in 1951.Mason Jar:  John Mason patented the screw neck bottle or the Mason Jar on November 30, 1858.Electric Mixers:  The first patent that can claim to be for an electric mixer was issued on Novemb er 17, 1885, to Rufus M. Eastman. Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1878-1972), the mother of 12 children, also patented an electric food mixer (at a later date). Mixmaster:  Ivar Jepson invented Sunbeam Mixmaster, which he patented in 1928, and first mass-marketed in 1930.Paper Towels:  The Scott Paper Company was founded in Philadelphia by Irvin and Clarence Scott in 1879. Brothers Seymour and Irvin Scott ran a paper commission business for twelve years, but the poor economy in the 1870s forced them out of business. Irvin and his younger brother, Clarence, then decided to form their own company out of the remains of the first. Irvin reportedly borrowed $2,000 from his father-in-law and added it to the $300 the two brothers had to form the capital of Scott Paper Company. In 1907, Scott Paper introduced the Sani-Towels paper towel, the first paper towels. They were invented for use in Philadelphia classrooms to help prevent the spread of the common cold from child to child.Peelers:  The nineteenth-century created numerous kitchen use inventions: toasters, potato mashers, apple/potato peelers, food choppers, and sausage stuffers were all invented. Over 185 patents for coffee grinders and over 500 patents for apple/potato peelers were patented in the 1800s. Early peelers were made of iron and the patent number and other information were included in the casting. Peelers ranged from the familiar and simple round swiveling rod with a knife blade that peeled skin, to contraptions full of gears and wheels that could peel, core, slice, and section. There were separate peelers designed for different fruits and vegetables; there were even peelers that removed the kernels from ears of corn. Pressure Cooker:  In 1679, French physicist Denis Papin invented the pressure cooker, called Papins Digester, this airtight cooker produced hot steam that cooked food more quickly while preserving nutrients.Saran Wrap:  Saran polyvinylidene chloride or Saran resins and films (called PVDC) have been wrapping products for more than 50 years.Soap and Detergents: The history of soaps and detergents as we know them today date back to the 1800s.Squeegee:  The single-blade window cleaning squeegee was invented by Ettore Sceccone in 1936.Toaster: Toasting bread began as a method of prolonging the life of bread. It was a common activity in Roman times, tostum is the Latin word for scorching or burning.Tupperware: Tupperware, plastic containers with airtight lids, was invented by Earl Silas Tupper.Waffle Iron: The waffle iron was patented on August 24, 1869, invented by Cornelius Swarthout of Troy, New York. The patent described the invention as a device to bake waffles.

History of black education in the british north american colonies Research Paper

History of black education in the british north american colonies - Research Paper Example Thus with the formation of the colonies in the North America, diversified people came under the same government and its respective policies. Given the state of the colonies soon after its formation and the entire political scenario of the North America, it was very important to construct a uniting force and direct the future of the citizens into a better direction ensuring equality, human rights, and better quality of living. Moreover, Todorov (1999) states that it was necessary to make an effort to erase the memories of the darker days and instill hope in the citizens. Education was the available means to fight the approaching problems and destroy the seeds of discrimination. Since the North American colony had a good number of black populations against a considerable number of white people so, it was very important to bring them at par with them and not let them feel being discriminated. Hence, this paper â€Å"Black Education in British North America† came into being which will refer to several data and information to study the formation of the British North American colonies, the prevalent education system, the history of educating the ‘black population’. It would focus on the structural differences that the black children face in their education, the measures taken to diminish the differences, the extent of its success and the factors which brought about the change. Formation of the British North American Colonies The colonization of North America by the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland was a culminated result of a lengthy series of attempts and colonization drives by claimants more than one. According to Taylor (2001) the colonization drive in North America began in the year 1607 in the place called Jamestown, in Virginia and gradually colonies were established throughout the entire stretch of America. In America, British were considered as one of the most important colonizers since they established colonies over the largest area and posed a rivalry situation with the Spanish American Colonies in respect to economic and military power. As a result colonization of the America spread over a larger area, with a formidable reach, the British colony in North America gave room for the existence of three types of colonies, namely, charter colonies, proprietary colonies and the royal colonies. The diversity in the types of people, social, economical, and background provided the reasons for chaos and conflict among them on minor or major scale. The colonization drive by the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland, before the Acts of Union in 1707, led to the formation of the British North America colonies that was comprised of the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania and New York. The formation of the thirteen colonies, with brought together people from not only different states but al so people with varied backgrounds – social, economica

A World of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

A World of Art - Essay Example b. Post and Lintel: This form of construction refers to a simple method that utilizes architrave, header, or lintel as an elongated member over a building’s blank space that is also supported by two vertical columns at the ends (Sayre, 2007). The point of this method is to bear the weight of the building, or structure that is positioned atop of the openings transpired by doors and windows in a supporting wall. This construction type began with the Neolithic period like the Stonehedge (Sayre, 2007). c. Arches and Domes: Architectural construction like arches and domes are prevalent in Italy, arguably more so than any other country, that were initiated in ancient Rome (Sayre, 2007). They are used as eye-catching construction that also serves a dual purpose in acting as entrances in arches, and the roofs of structures where rain does not catch. An example is the beautiful Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence, Italy. d. Cast Iron: This type of construction involves the meta l alloy and is the fractured surface of graphite when it flakes due to defects in cracks, and it can be brittle (Sayre, 2007). The fact that it has a low melting point, has machinability as well as resistance to wear and tear (Sayre, 2007), it is a widely-used material for such things like pipes, especially in the automotive industry. Rust difficult to come by with cast iron materials as well. e. Frames, Steel and Reinforced Concrete: Firstly, reinforced concrete is steel reinforcing that is distributed at all stress locations and placed into position to adhere to accommodations (Sayre, 2007). Frames are issued along with the steel and concrete to help support buildings as added sturdiness for the structure. An example of such a structure is the Hoover Dam. 2. Frank Lloyd Wright, an American architect, designed a rural southwestern home in 1935 (Fallingwater, 2011). His inspiration stemmed from waterfalls, surrounding nature, the dramatic appearance of boulders and rocks as well as ledges in the area in which he built the home (Fallingwater, 2011). Like most architects, he utilized what he enjoyed most about the site and incorporated it into his work. The terms topography and technology go hand-in-hand when referring to Wright’s home Fallingwater for the following reasons: Firstly, topography, defined as â€Å"the art or practice of graphic delineation in detail usually on maps or charts of natural and man-made features of a place or object† by Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2011), is prevalent in Wright’s architecture. He applied technology buried behind-the-scenes like the waterfalls and structural foundation, but overlaid the evidence with a reproduction, a mirror-image of the natural ledges, rocks and boulders that initially inspired him. Secondly, the home itself has to work the same like a normal home with plumbing, running water and heat/electricity. Wright interrelated that with the topography seen in the way the inside feels like a c ave, the ceilings low, the hallways labyrinth-like without linear direction, and how the furniture resembles natural trees and branches (Fallingwater, 2011). 3. The major components of design styles are: a. Arts and Crafts: This design style consists of hobbies associated with hand-making items with a certain skill (Sayre, 2007). The history of specific craft-items can be somewhat hard to determine due to the fact that some have been around

1920s represents the transition of the United States Assignment

1920s represents the transition of the United States - Assignment Example The decade’s three Republican Presidents – Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover only partially addressed these issues. The economic growth of the 1920’s did not extend to the agricultural sector and the rural areas. While ‘Big Business’ flourished, farmers income declined. The federal government extended strong support to big business. ‘The American Way’ came to represent weak government regulation of business and less support for labor unions. High tariff policies for foreign goods, repeal of excess profit taxes, cutbacks in the Federal Trade Commission, and government encouragement of price-fixing were responses of the government to support business. This attitude is summed up in President Harding’s request for â€Å"less government in business and more business in government† (Schultz, 1999). Despite farmers campaigning for farm relief legislation, Coolidge vetoed the McNary-Haugen bills. The 1920’s witnessed an upsurge in racism and ‘nativism’: intolerance of African-Americans and immigrants. ‘The Red Scare,’ fear of the Bolshevik menace, cultural fundamentalism, and a revival of public support for the Ku Klux Klan, demonstrated this trend. In response to perceived popular sentiment, the federal government passed the Emergency Quota Act of 1921, and the stricter Immigration Act of 1924, which drastically limited the flow of immigrants from Europe and stopped those from Asia. (Dorn, n.d.) However, although these problems persisted, it cannot be denied that the 1920’s remained a decade of prosperity between World War I and the Great

Of mice and men Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men Essay Despite the warmth of the early morning sun gradually seeping through the cracks in the bunkhouse walls, it was cold within. George lay awake, he hadnt slept all night, suddenly the door swung open and Carlson steamed in, he glanced at George and shook his head. You plannin on jus lying there all day Carlson grabbed his jacket sum people get away with murder round `ere the door banged and silence followed. George lay still, he hadnt noticed Carlsons intrusion. The door squeaked open and Candy peered in, Slim you in he spotted George and frowned he stood for a moment pondering what to say, Eh George you ok? There was no reply; he looked down at his feet sighed and left. George glanced towards the closing door then rolled to face the wall and lay silent. George felt the sun warming his back and he tilted his head round towards the source. Slim appeared, his figure blocked the brightest most piercing rays but let the warmth and light trickle through. He glided in and sat gently beside George placing his hand on his shoulder the sheriff an his men have gone. Ya gave Lenny the best quality of life possible and it took a hell o a lot guts to do what you did, you know that dont ya? George nodded, his eyes heavy with water, thanks slim George whispered. Tightening his grip on Georges shoulder ya saved him, Slim said Comfortingly. Slim sat with George until the sound of grunting engines acted as alarm clocks. Now we gotta get you up for work or the boss ll give ya hell. George allowed himself to be helped up; he was still wearing yesterdays clothes lets get you all freshed up. No refused George itll do. The sun had begun its descent behind the Gabilan mountains. The sycamores swayed in the chilled wind and over the fields a dark shadow had engulfed the workers. You go to your wifes funeral Curley? asked Carlson. Nah, replied Curley Casually I had a hell of a lot o work. George struggled to hoist the last bag of grain onto the trailer, God dammit snapped Curley hurry the hell up. Slim eyed Curley angrily as he helped George with the burden of his heavy load. Back on the farm the workers were met with the smell of sizzling bacon. A lump of potatoes and a sliver of burnt bacon were slapped onto Georges plate. He nibbled the piece of bacon but it was bitter in his mouth and he returned it to his plate. Cmon George you gotta eat something, encouraged Slim. Im not hungry slim replied George his voice barely audible. if youre not gonna eat none then Ill `ave it, no pigs gonna die in vain `long as Im `ere Carlson declared scraping it all onto his plate. Dammit Carlson, a bit o respect the guys jus lost his buddy, said whit angrily. Ye, giv im back his grub. Ordered Smitty. But he aint even gonna eat it, are ya George? Carlson replied. Just then door opened. In stepped the boss wearing his usual smart attire, his face wore a troubled expression and he scanned the room his eyes resting briefly on George and finally fixing on Slim, Slim,when youre done, a word. His voice held in a concerned tone. The office was small square room, the sunlight glinted off the silver framed paintings which hung on the wall landing some light on the bookcase at the back of the room, the desk in front of it was perpendicular to the opposing wall centred by the mahogany coloured door and the paper work on the desk was organised into alphabetical files. Knock, knock, Cmon in Slim. Curleys bin tellin me bout Georges slackin in the field today, is that right? No sir his efforts jus fine, Listen slim, keep it like that, I cant afford to be payin people for nothing and Ive had a little talk with my good friend the sheriff I ast him to keep bad publicity bout the farm as small as he could an he tol me his evidence has matched our story and has stopped his sniffin around. Thats jus fine sir, is that all? No, jus one more thing, youve bin offered a job by Murray and Ready as head ranch hand, sure as hell the salary is higher than here. You can `ave tonight to think bout it I dont want ya to leave but I aint gonna force ya to stay, thats all Slim left the room and the boss buried his face in his hands. It was Saturday night and as the cheers of the men going into town grew fainter Candy lay on his bed listening to the howling wind. A tear trickled down his old wrinkled cheek. Wiping the tear with his stump he turned his gaze to the box which was almost concealed with shadow beneath Carlsons Bunk. Rigidly he sat up he picked up the box onto the bed sudden with tears. Candy lifted the gun and placed it to his head. Just then George walked in. The Gun slipped Bang Candy shot himself in the stomach startled George looked down at the pathetic Candy. What ya doin yaw crazy bastard, cried George Covering the wound with his shirt. Candy layback on his bed. You dont understand George theyre kickin me out, they got a new cleaner comin on Monday and theyre kickin me out. The boss says he cant afford to pay me for doin nothin. I argued, I said I aint doin nothing be he wudnt listen. Its Ok said George Im gonna get you a doc. That aint no use, Ill be a goner `for hes `ere. George buried his face in his hands. George? Ye, I wish Lenny was still here an we coulda had that farm. Me too Will ya sit with me George? Course. My dog, look its my dog. The old swampers eyes shut and his head dropped. He was dead. George sat for a minute, his face as hard as wood. From outside the barn came the shouts of the men and the clink of beer bottles. The door opened and slim walked in spotting Candy he runs towards him What the hell happened to him? The boss tol him he aint no use no more and he shot `imself George despaired I was jus too late. Its ok George it was for the best He didnt have to die like this, he couldve bin on the farm with me and Lenny. It aint your fault George, none of it is, you hear? George did not answer. Now Ill jus go tell the others an then well go an giv him a good burial. Minutes later Carlson strides in Jesus Christ George, you look like hell. It was Sunday morning and as the sun began its accent in the sky Slim made his way across a peaceful courtyard and into the bunkhouse, George I need a word Whats goin on? George, Im leavin, goin to soledad to work for Murray and Ready. what the hell am I sposed to do here with all them crazy bastards when your gone? I dont like it here no more, jus last night Curley came home drunk and hung crooks like a fish on a line, Im afraid if I dont leave now Ill do somethin Ill regret. I understand sighed George. Maybe some day Ill come back an visit, goodbye George. Some day, whispered George, some day.

Life in Southern Mill Villages, 1900s Essay -- History Textiles Papers

Life in Southern Mill Villages, 1900s The Industrial Revolution in America began to develop in the mid-eighteen hundreds after the Civil War. Prior to this industrial growth the work force was mainly based in agriculture, especially in the South (â€Å"Industrial Revolution†). The advancement in machinery and manufacturing on a large scale changed the structure of the work force. Families began to leave the farm and relocate to larger settings to work in the ever-growing industries. One area that saw a major change in the work force was textile manufacturing. Towns in the early nineteen hundreds were established around mills, and workers were subjected to strenuous working conditions. It would take decades before these issues were addressed. Until then, people worked and struggled for a life for themselves and their families. While conditions were harsh in the textile industry, it was the sense of community that sustained life in the mill villages. It would be hard to imagine what mill life would have been like if it were not for American photographer, Lewis Hine. Hine was influential in bringing public awareness to many social issues of his time. Born in a rural town in Wisconsin in 1874, Hine dedicated his life to capturing America’s cultural landscape through the people in his photographs. He was there when thousands of immigrants took their first steps on American soil at Ellis Island. In World War One he captured on film the heroic efforts of the Red Cross (â€Å"Lewis Wickes Hine†). But most importantly for this paper, are his accounts of people in the mill villages and textile factories in rural America. Through some of his pictures, we will explore life in southern mill villages in the nineteen hundreds. ... ...hristopher B. Daly. Like a Family . Chapel Hill and London: North Carolina, 1987. â€Å"Industrial Revolution.† Webster’s New World Encyclopedia . Single volume. 1992. Jones, Lu Ann Ph.D. Personal Interview. March 6, 2002. â€Å"Lewis Wickes Hine.† Merriam Webster’s Biographical Dictionary . Springfield: Merriam Webster, 1995. O’Quinlivan, Michael. Rocky Mount North Carolina Centennial Commemorative Book: â€Å"A Century of People, Purpose, and Progress .† Ulrich, Pamela Vadman. â€Å"Plain Goods†: Textile Production in Georgia, the Carolinas,and Alabama, 1880 to 1920 . Michigan: Bell and Howell Information Company, 1991. Veto, Robert Elliott. Looms and Weavers, Schools and Teachers: Schooling in North Carolina Mill Towns, 1910-1940 . Michigan: Bell and Howell Information Company, 1989. Watt, W. Early Cotton Factories in North Carolina and Alexander County.

Foods Fantastic Company Essay

Foods Fantastic Company’s IT processing is very complex and sophisticated, therefore according to the SAS 109’s risk assessment procedures and SOX Section 404 Management Assessment of Internal Controls, an IT General Control review is required. The purpose of an ITGC review is to provide the foundation for reliance on any financial information Foods Fantastic Company produce. Although an ITGC review does not directly result in misstated financial statements or material control weaknesses, it can indirectly cause  application control deficiencies, and affect the financial auditor in assessing the risk of material misstatement in FFC’s financial statements. For the risk assessment my team performed at Foods Fantastic, first, we wrote down some questions and concerns for each ITGC area. Then, we looked at the company’s organization chart and had a meeting with the head of each department, and took notes from the meetings. We also observed the audit team. Af ter that we wrote down the strengths and weaknesses, and decide the level of risk assessment for each area. First of all, in the area of IT Management, the risk assessment is medium. They have a strategic plan, which is a strength, because a strategic plan will help FFC to meet its business goals by outlining the objectives and strategies for the information system group. In addition, FFC has an IT steering committee, which is also a strength, because the committee develops and revises IT and security policies, and reviews the operations of the IT department. However, there are a couple of weaknesses in the area of IT Management. For instance, their Chief Information Office only reports to their Chief Financial Officer. According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer are requires to include an assessment of the operating effectiveness of their internal control structure over financial reporting when issuing the annual report. In addition, the Vice President of Applications, Vice President of Operations, Vice President of Information Security, and Vice President of Database Administration reports only to Chief Information Officer Second, there are quite a few strengths in their Systems Development area, they design, develop, and implement systems in a logical fashion, which all the duties ar e segregated. In addition, the organization consider internal controls as an integral part of systems design, and the IT personnel adequately tested the new bio-coding payment system prior to its implementation, so we determined the risk assessment in this area is low. However, FFC’s Internal Audit Department is involved as a voting member of the project teams. Internal audit performs post-implementation reviews on all projects over $2 million. Internal Audit should be independent, and should not be involved in the project ream. Third, the risk assessment in the area of Data Security is high. Although they have high control on the physical access to their data center computer room, but they have low control on the logical access. In order to control  the physical access, FFC’s computer room within its data center is locked at all times. All outsiders must first contact the data center manager in order to enter the computer room. Each must bring an official picture ID, sign a visitors’ log, and be escorted at all times by data center personnel during the visit. They also have environmental control in the computer room and are tested semi-annually. However, the Human Resources Department only forward the Transfers and Terminations report each month, and not immediately after the employee is transferred or terminated. The security policy is not current and was revised in 2005. The system generates a logical access violation report daily, but the company police only requires the Vice President of Information System to review the unauthorized system access report once a month. Finally, the risk assessment in Change Management area is low, but the risk management in the Business Continuity Planning area is high. Although they have no incidents occurred that required them to recover their systems, a company should always have a business continuity plan. They did not document any business continuity or disaster recovery plan, nor they did test the backup tapes during the past years, which they have no intention to test the tapes in the future. FFC backs up all of the data daily, but only store them once a week at a company-owned offsite location. They should store the data daily. Overall, I set FFC’s assessed level of ITGC risk as high because of their data security and business continuity planning. Data is the most important elements of an organization. Without data, the organization will not be able to operate. The fact that FFC does not have a business continuity plan because they believe that is cost prohibitive for an organization of its size is wrong. Every organization should have a business continuity plan in case there is a natural disaster. In addition, FFC should do a better job in control of logical access because hacker don’t necessary have to gain access to the organization’s data physically.

Howard Zinn Chapter 13 Analysis Essay

Zinn opens chapter with the recognition that â€Å"war and jingoism might postpone, but could not fully suppress, the class anger that came from the realities of ordinary life†. Despite the brief interlude that momentarily quelled class conflict, the issues at home had never been resolved and resurfaced with a vengeance. More and more writers were writing from a Socialist mindset: Upton Sinclair published The Jungle in 1906, as a commentary on Chicago’s meatpacking industry. In writing the book, Sinclair was influenced by writers like Jack London, a Socialist who had grown up in poverty in the Bay Area. London publish The Iron Heel in 1906, warning Americans about fascism and indicts the capitalist system† In the face of the facts that modern man lives more wretchedly than the cave-man, and that his producing power is a thousand times greater than that of the cave-man, no other conclusion is possible than that the capitalist class has mismanaged criminally and sel fishly mismanaged†. Even an exiled Henry James condemned the U.S. when he visited in 1904. The corrupt actions of the American government and business elite were on the lips of activists, writers, and artists around the world Socialism couldn’t help but spread. One of the most notable labor incidents in this era occurred at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. New York had more than 500 garment factories, mostly staffed by women, and the conditions in all were equally as deplorable. In the winter of 1909, women at the Triangle Shirtwaist Co. organized a strike, they were doubtful that many more than 3,000 women would turn out with the cold weather and not all the factories participating, but more than 20,000 showed up. The recently organized Ladies Garment Workers Union was growing by the thousand every day. The strike went on through the winter, despite police, arrests, scabs and prison.† In more than three hundred shops, workers won their demands. Women now became officials in the union. However, the conditions of the factories themselves did not change all that much, and on the afternoon of March 25, 1911, a fire broke out at the TS Company on the 8th-9th floors too high for fire ladders to reach. The factory doors had also been locked to manage workers, which was against the law. In fact, TS Co. broke several safety codes, ultimately causing their female employees to be trapped and burned to death†146 Triangle workers, mostly women, were burned or crushed to death†. These were not the only tragedies† in the year 1904, 27,000 workers were killed on the job†. Millions of workers toiled in dangerous conditions to fatten bank accounts of the wealthy. Zinn keeps the starting numbers coming: â€Å"In 1914, 35,000 workers were killed in industrial accidents and 700,000 injured. The women’s movement of the time was an interesting one, with women often divided between suffragism and socialism. Many women were skeptical of the suffrage movement and spoke out on other issues. Margaret Sanger was one of the first women to speak out about birth control† No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her own body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose conscientiously whether she will or will not be a mother†. Emma Goldman believed the suffrage movement to be a waste of time, noting, â€Å"Every inch of ground has gained has been through constant fight, a ceaseless struggle for self-assertion, and not through suffrage. Her development, her freedom, her independence, must come from and through her only that, and not the ballot, will set women free†. Helen Keller also believed in this â€Å"struggle outside the ballot box† these women wanted something more immediate and direct than the vote. This is an issue with I am constantly torn. There is something so simple and almost beautiful in a people voting and deciding as a group can’t we just vote our way to utopia? However, when you think about the politics behind what even ends up on a ballot, you can start to feel powerless, and the vote meaningless; I understand why these women would want to fight for something greater. Zinn touches on demands and protests to end child labor, before moving on to the deteriorating situation for blacks across the nation, or what he calls â€Å"the low point†. Blacks were being beaten, lynched, murdered and the government sat by and did nothing. But what surprised me is that â€Å"the Socialist party did not go much out of its way to act on the race question† either. One member wrote about Debs, â€Å"he always insisted on absolute equality. But he failed to accept the view that special measures were sometimes needed to achieve this equality†. Ah, the early disc ussion of affirmative action and the thought that after century of oppression, laws would just make things equal. Blacks began to use this momentous period to organize as well, and formed the National afro-American Council, as well as the National Association for Colored Women. W.E.B. DuBois had just written The Souls of Black Folk and called black leaders together for a conference near Niagara Falls–the start of the â€Å"Niagara Movement.† These leaders called for a much more radical and revolutionary approach, attacking the moderate ideas of men like Booker T. Washington. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed after a race riot in Springfield, IL in 1910, but whites dominated the leadership. The NAACP focused mainly on legal action and education, but DuBois, one of the officers, championed the notion that â€Å"Persistent manly agitation is the way to liberty†. It’s interesting to note that this was the start of the nation’s â€Å"Progressive Period† a time when new amendments and laws were being passed all t he time. However, these laws didn’t necessarily benefit blacks, women, labor organizations, or Socialists; they were more a response to the shifting social tide what doesn’t bend, breaks, and right? As Zinn notes, â€Å"it was a reluctant reform, aimed at quieting the popular risings, not making fundamental changes†. In addition to numerous food, drug, and safety regulations, the nation witnessed the 16th Amendment graduated income tax and 17th Amendment election of Senators by popular vote. However, these reforms were less about actual social change and more a necessary response to growing social agitation in order to create â€Å"a middle-class cushion for class conflict†¦an attempt by the system to adjust to changing conditions in order to achieve more stability. Zinn quotes Harold Faulkner: ‘Through rules with impersonal sanctions, it sought continuity and predictability in a world of endless change. It assigned far greater power to government†¦and it encouraged the centralization of authority†. What happened was the emergence of â€Å"political capitalism,† in which â€Å"businessmen took firmer control of the political system because the private economy was not efficient enough to forestall protest from below. The businessmen were not opposed to the new reforms; they initiated them, pushed them, to stabilize the capitalist system in a time of uncertainty and trouble†. No longer did we have a government throwing the occasional big bone to business, but a government that was bent over a chair, pants around the ankles with big business. Zinn closes his chapter focusing on the idea that â€Å"much of the intense activity for Progressive reform was intended to head off. ’The Rising Tide of Socialism† and zooms in on one key event: the Colorado Coal Strike which began in September 1910 and culminated in the Ludlow Massacre of April 1914. 11,000 miners worked for the Colorado Fuel & Iron Corporation. When a union organizer was murdered, the workers began to strike in protest of low pay, dangerous conditions and â€Å"feudal domination.† Immediately, the miners were evicted from their shacks and forced to live in tent colonies in nearby hills. Gunmen hired by Rockefeller interests raided the colonies and were eventually joined by the National Guard. The strikers held out through the winter of 1913-1914 and it became clear that only drastic measures would break the strike. So, on April 20th a machine gun attack was opened on the tents, and the strikers fired back. The Guards set fire to the tents, burning some people to death. Eventually federal troops were brought in to restore order, but only after 26 men, women, and children had lost their lives. It was clear once again that unrest at home would not stop, so the government, once again, looked outside its borders for a distraction.